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Apache Maven Web 應用
2018-08-12 21:16 更新
Maven - Web 應用
本教程將指導你如何使用 Maven 版本控制系統(tǒng)來管理一個基于 Web 的工程。在此，你將學習到如何創(chuàng)建/構建/部署以及運行 Web 應用程序：
創(chuàng)建 Web 應用
建立一個簡單的 Java web 應用，我們可以使用 maven-archetype-webapp 插件。首先我們打開命令控制臺，進入 C:\MVN 目錄并且執(zhí)行以下的 mvn 命令。
C:\MVN>mvn archetype:generate
-DgroupId=com.companyname.automobile
-DartifactId=trucks
-DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp
-DinteractiveMode=falseMaven 將開始處理并且將創(chuàng)建完整的基于 Web 的 java 應用工程結構。
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] Searching repository for plugin with prefix: 'archetype'.
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building Maven Default Project
[INFO] task-segment: [archetype:generate] (aggregator-style)
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Preparing archetype:generate
[INFO] No goals needed for project - skipping
[INFO] [archetype:generate {execution: default-cli}]
[INFO] Generating project in Batch mode
[INFO] --------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Using following parameters for creating project
from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-webapp:1.0
[INFO] --------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.companyname.automobile
[INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.companyname.automobile
[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.companyname.automobile
[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: trucks
[INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: C:\MVN
[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: C:\MVN\trucks
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 16 seconds
[INFO] Finished at: Tue Jul 17 11:00:00 IST 2012
[INFO] Final Memory: 20M/89M
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------現(xiàn)在進入 C:/MVN 目錄，你將看到一個名為 trucks（由 artifactld 指定）的 java 應用工程。
Maven 使用一個標準的目錄架構，如上示例，我們可以理解以下的關鍵概念：
| 文件夾結構 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| trucks | 包含 src 文件夾和 pom.xml |
| src/main/webapp | 包含 index.jsp 和 WEB-INF 文件夾. |
| src/main/webapp/WEB-INF | 包含 web.xml |
| src/main/resources | 包含 images / properties 文件。 |
POM.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.companyname.automobile</groupId>
<artifactId>trucks</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>trucks Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>trucks</finalName>
</build>
</project>如果仔細觀察，Maven 還創(chuàng)建了一個示例 JSP 的源文件。
打開 C:\ > MVN > trucks > src > main > webapp > 文件夾, 你將看到 index.jsp.
<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
</body>
</html>Build Web Application
打開終端，進入 C:\MVN\trucks 目錄，然后執(zhí)行如下 mvn 命令.
C:\MVN\trucks>mvn clean packageMaven 將會開始構建此工程，日志輸出如下：
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building trucks Maven Webapp
[INFO] task-segment: [clean, package]
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] [clean:clean {execution: default-clean}]
[INFO] [resources:resources {execution: default-resources}]
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to
copy filtered resources,i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 0 resource
[INFO] [compiler:compile {execution: default-compile}]
[INFO] No sources to compile
[INFO] [resources:testResources {execution: default-testResources}]
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to
copy filtered resources,i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory
C:\MVN\trucks\src\test\resources
[INFO] [compiler:testCompile {execution: default-testCompile}]
[INFO] No sources to compile
[INFO] [surefire:test {execution: default-test}]
[INFO] No tests to run.
[INFO] [war:war {execution: default-war}]
[INFO] Packaging webapp
[INFO] Assembling webapp[trucks] in [C:\MVN\trucks\target\trucks]
[INFO] Processing war project
[INFO] Copying webapp resources[C:\MVN\trucks\src\main\webapp]
[INFO] Webapp assembled in[77 msecs]
[INFO] Building war: C:\MVN\trucks\target\trucks.war
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 3 seconds
[INFO] Finished at: Tue Jul 17 11:22:45 IST 2012
[INFO] Final Memory: 11M/85M
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------部署 Web 應用
現(xiàn)在拷貝在 C:\ > MVN > trucks > target > 文件夾下的 trucks.war 到你的 web 服務器的 webapp 目錄下，并且重啟 web 服務。
測試 Web 應用
使用 URL: http://\<server-name>:\<port-number>/trucks/index.jsp 來運行你的 Web 應用。
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