反射(Reflection) 對象用于在運(yùn)行時(shí)獲取類型信息。該類位于 System.Reflection 命名空間中,可訪問一個(gè)正在運(yùn)行的程序的元數(shù)據(jù)。
System.Reflection 命名空間包含了允許您獲取有關(guān)應(yīng)用程序信息及向應(yīng)用程序動態(tài)添加類型、值和對象的類。
反射(Reflection)有下列用途:
我們已經(jīng)在上面的章節(jié)中提到過,使用反射(Reflection)可以查看屬性(attribute)信息。
System.Reflection 類的 MemberInfo 對象需要被初始化,用于發(fā)現(xiàn)與類相關(guān)的屬性(attribute)。為了做到這點(diǎn),您可以定義目標(biāo)類的一個(gè)對象,如下:
System.Reflection.MemberInfo info = typeof(MyClass);
下面的程序示范了這點(diǎn):
using System;
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.All)]
public class HelpAttribute : System.Attribute
{
public readonly string Url;
public string Topic // Topic 是一個(gè)表示名字的參數(shù)
{
get
{
return topic;
}
set
{
topic = value;
}
}
public HelpAttribute(string url) // url 是一個(gè)表示位置的參數(shù)
{
this.Url = url;
}
private string topic;
}
[HelpAttribute("Information on the class MyClass")]
class MyClass
{
}
namespace AttributeAppl
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
System.Reflection.MemberInfo info = typeof(MyClass);
object[] attributes = info.GetCustomAttributes(true);
for (int i = 0; i < attributes.Length; i++)
{
System.Console.WriteLine(attributes[i]);
}
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
當(dāng)上面的代碼被編譯和執(zhí)行時(shí),它會顯示附加到類 MyClass 上的自定義屬性:
HelpAttribute
在本實(shí)例中,我們將使用在上一章中創(chuàng)建的 DeBugInfo 屬性,并使用反射(Reflection)來讀取 Rectangle 類中的元數(shù)據(jù)。
using System;
using System.Reflection;
namespace BugFixApplication
{
//自定義特性BugFix分配給一個(gè)類和他的成員
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class |
AttributeTargets.Constructor |
AttributeTargets.Field |
AttributeTargets.Method |
AttributeTargets.Property,
AllowMultiple = true)]
public class DeBugInfo : System.Attribute
{
private int bugNo;
private string developer;
private string lastReview;
public string message;
public DeBugInfo(int bg, string dev, string d)
{
this.bugNo = bg;
this.developer = dev;
this.lastReview = d;
}
public int BugNo
{
get
{
return bugNo;
}
}
public string Developer
{
get
{
return developer;
}
}
public string LastReview
{
get
{
return lastReview;
}
}
public string Message
{
get
{
return message;
}
set
{
message = value;
}
}
}
[DeBugInfo(45, "Zara Ali", "12/8/2012", Message = "Return type mismatch")]
[DeBugInfo(49, "Nuha Ali", "10/10/2012", Message = "Unused variable")]
class Rectangle
{
//成員變量
protected double length;
protected double width;
public Rectangle(double l, double w)
{
length = l;
width = w;
}
[DeBugInfo(55, "Zara Ali", "19/10/2012", Message = "Return type mismatch")]
public double GetArea()
{
return length * width;
}
[DeBugInfo(56, "Zara Ali", "19/10/2012")]
public void Display()
{
Console.WriteLine("Length: {0}", length);
Console.WriteLine("Width: {0}", width);
Console.WriteLine("Area: {0}", GetArea());
}
}//Rectangle 類的結(jié)束
class ExecuteRectangle
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Rectangle r = new Rectangle(4.5, 7.5);
r.Display();
Type type = typeof(Rectangle);
//遍歷 Rectangle 類的屬性
foreach (Object attributes in type.GetCustomAttributes(false))
{
DeBugInfo dbi = (DeBugInfo)attributes;
if (null != dbi)
{
Console.WriteLine("Bug no: {0}", dbi.BugNo);
Console.WriteLine("Developer: {0}", dbi.Developer);
Console.WriteLine("Last Reviewed: {0}", dbi.LastReview);
Console.WriteLine("Remarks: {0}", dbi.Message);
}
}
//遍歷方法屬性
foreach (MethodInfo m in type.GetMethods())
{
foreach (Attribute a in m.GetCustomAttributes(true))
{
DeBugInfo dbi = (DeBugInfo)a;
if (null != dbi)
{
Console.WriteLine("Bug no: {0}, for Method: {1}", dbi.BugNo, m.Name);
Console.WriteLine("Developer: {0}", dbi.Developer);
Console.WriteLine("Last Reviewed: {0}", dbi.LastReview);
Console.WriteLine("Remarks: {0}", dbi.Message);
}
}
}
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
編譯執(zhí)行上述代碼,得到如下結(jié)果:
Length: 4.5
Width: 7.5
Area: 33.75
Bug No: 49
Developer: Nuha Ali
Last Reviewed: 10/10/2012
Remarks: Unused variable
Bug No: 45
Developer: Zara Ali
Last Reviewed: 12/8/2012
Remarks: Return type mismatch
Bug No: 55, for Method: GetArea
Developer: Zara Ali
Last Reviewed: 19/10/2012
Remarks: Return type mismatch
Bug No: 56, for Method: Display
Developer: Zara Ali
Last Reviewed: 19/10/2012
Remarks:
更多建議: